25th IAPRI Symposium on Packaging 2011 > Programme

Posters

P1	Barrier and Optical Properties of Sodium Caseinate- and Chitosan-Coated Papers S. Belgaied, PACKTEC, Tunis, Tunisia H. Aloui, K. Khwaldia, National Inst. of Research & Physico-Chemical Analysis, Tunis, Tunisia E. Turki, PACKTEC, Tunis, Tunisia Abstract: The effects of glycerol concentration and coating weight on biopolymer-coated paper properties were... more Abstract: minimize The effects of glycerol concentration and coating weight on biopolymer-coated paper properties were investigated using response surface methodology. Tests were run on the coated papers to determine water vapor barrier and optical properties. Coating weight was the most important parameter affecting water vapor permeability (WVP). Glycerol enhanced WVP of the paper coated with sodium caseinate (NaCAS) and chitosan. Conversely, increasing coating weight led to a decrease in WVP and to an increase in gloss of the resulting coated papers. Biopolymer-coating materials impregnated the paper structure, filled pores of the cellulose structure, thus, reducing transmission of water vapor. The papers coated with NaCAS exhibited lower WVP values than those coated with chitosan. Moreover, NaCAS conferred higher glossy surfaces to paper than chitosan. At 17 g/m2, NaCAS coating on paper gave the highest gloss of 15.7 ± 1.5 GU at a 60-degree angle.
P2	Synthesis, Characterization and Biodegradation of Aliphatic Polyesters M. Buntinx, Xios Hogeschool Limburg, Diepenbeek, Belgium R. Carleer, J. Yperman, Universiteit Hasselt, TANC, Diepenbeek, Belgium D. Bernaers, R. Peeters, Xios Hogeschool Limburg, Diepenbeek, Belgium Abstract: Most conventional synthetic plastics are resistant against environmental breakdown. Due to drawback... more Abstract: minimize Most conventional synthetic plastics are resistant against environmental breakdown. Due to drawbacks of this property, biodegradable plastics have received much attention in recent years (Gross and Kalra 2002; Siracusa, Rocculi et al. 2008). Biodegradable plastics are suitable as materials for short life time packaging, disposable cutlery, agricultural mulch films and in the sanitary field. Aliphatic polyesters are promising biodegradable materials because they are susceptible to microbiological attack. Poly(Butylene Succinate-co-butylene Adipate)s (PBSAs) are aliphatic co-polyesters prepared from dimethyl succinate (S), dimethyl adipate (A) and 1,4-butanediol by catalyzed transesterification. In this study a number of PBSAs were prepared in different ratios of S and A and were chemically modified to facilitate biodegradation. The co-polyesters are characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, thermogravimetrical analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The synthesized polymers will be tested by enzymatic degradation and the ultimate aerobic biodegradability will be tested according to the ISO 14855-1 method using a direct measurement of the CO2 production by infrared spectrometry. Two commercial aliphatic polyesters, i.e. Bionolle 1001 and 3001, will be subjected to these tests as reference materials.
P3	Determining the Typographic “Golden Ratios” on Packaging via Eye-Tracking R.A. Hurley, J. Fischer, Clemson University, Clemson, USA Abstract: A critical attribute of packaging is the ability to convey information to the prospective consumer,... more Abstract: minimize A critical attribute of packaging is the ability to convey information to the prospective consumer, quickly and efficiently. Information on packaging exists to establish the parent company, create and foster an emotional connection with the consumer, and present the functions and use of the package logically. The ways in which one presents these attributes are through images and typography. Typography is the art of arranging and designing glyphs, where virtually all research in this area surrounds literature – books, magazines and similar print media. An indisputable fact is that typography is dependent on the medium. A statement placed on a horizontally positioned box will communicate differently than the same statement placed on a vertically positioned bottle. And in the words of Marshall McLuhan, “the medium is the message.” The goal of the research is to investigate the emotional connection between typography and the consumer. The research will utilize a state-of-the-art physical/virtual environment provided by The Sonoco Institute’s consumer experience laboratory and the virtual environment of Lyncis Pack®. The research will focus on developing “golden ratios” for packaging – answering what is the ideal type and leading sizes with respect to the shape of the package. The research will be conducted via eye-tracking methods and equipment. The researchers will focus on focal times, fixation points, scanning pathways, and pupil dilation, which are directly related to emotional appeal. The software designed will ensure that packaging is being evaluated within a realistic context - an environment where participants feel as if they are shopping for a product normally. In conclusion, data from eye-tracking equipment and usability interfaces from the virtual retail environment will be analyzed utilizing statistical analysis models to determine if a correlation between the leading and type size of glyphs on packaging have an impact on human behavior.
P4	Respiration Rate and Packaging of Plums (Prunus Domestica L.) H. Larsen, Nofima Mat, Ås, Norway E. Vangdal, Bioforsk Vest Ullensvang, Lofthus, Norway Abstract: Respiration rate of fruit and vegetables and gas exchange through the packaging material are the pr... more Abstract: minimize Respiration rate of fruit and vegetables and gas exchange through the packaging material are the processes involved in creating a modified atmosphere (equilibrium modified atmosphere, EMAP) inside a package in order to extend the shelf life of the produce. Most of the fresh plums sold in North American supermarkets are Prunus salicina cultivars. Most of the respiration rate values for plums found in literature are for P. salicina cultivars. Prunus domestica is the genus most widespread in Europe, but limited information is available of respiration rates for P. domestica cultivars. Plums also produce ethylene gas during ripening. A high level of ethylene in the headspace volume of the packaging might influence the ripening and senescence processes in the packaged plums and should be avoided. Respiration rates of the three P. domestica cultivars Reeves, Victoria and Jubileum grown at the western coast of Norway were measured at two temperatures with air as the starting gas atmosphere. The plums were harvested at two or three stages of ripening, from less ripened to very well ripen. Sealed polymer containers were used as respiration chambers, simulating a closed or static system. Changes in the gas atmosphere inside the containers were recorded several times during the first day after packaging, and these data were used to calculate the respiration rate (O2 and CO2) in air for the three plum cultivars. The amount of accumulated ethylene in the container was also measured by a gas chromatograph after approximately 27 hours of storage at two temperatures. The results obtained from this work will be discussed in terms of plum quality during storage in relation to packaging parameters.
P5	Standardized Measuring Method of Opening Forces on Peelable Packaging A. Liebmann, I. Schreib, Fraunhofer AVV, Dresden, Germany J.-P. Majschak, TU Dresden, Germany Abstract: Optimal packaging has to meet a variety of requirements. It should ensure product protection during... more Abstract: minimize Optimal packaging has to meet a variety of requirements. It should ensure product protection during the whole lifetime by using a minimal amount of material. At the same time it is used to optimize production, distribution and use. Opening behavior is crucial for the customer in terms of product acceptance. Both user-friendliness and an ageing society have to be considered. Not only senior consumers wish to have easy-to-open packages to take out their content effortlessly and cleanly. Within the research project „Easy opening of peelable packages“ parameters which influence the opening behavior of packaging were analyzed. One focus of this project was the development of a practical test method to determine opening forces on peelable packages. Analyses of opening operation on real packages show significant differences between flexible and rigid packaging. Depending on the movements, different opening parameters (e.g. tear angle) result, which affect the forces applied on the packaging. For this purpose, two test classes were defined. Therefore various requirements on test setup and realization result. This test method „Determination of opening forces on peelable packaging“will be implemented into a DIN-Standard (within the standardisation project „Transfer of R&D-results by standardization“). Within first round robin tests on flexible packaging the comparability of the obtained results was verified and potential parameters influencing the measurement results were detected. The results from the round robin tests are implemented in the current standardization work of the DIN Packaging Standards Committee.
P6	Use of Surfactants to Remove Solvent Based Printing Ink from Printed Plastic Film for Printing Reuse and Plastic Recycle J. Komasatitaya, S. Taechutrakul, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand P. Maneesin, Thai Packaging Centre, Bangkok, Thailand Abstract: Printed plastic film cannot be effectively recycled unless the printing inks are removed. The use ... more Abstract: minimize Printed plastic film cannot be effectively recycled unless the printing inks are removed. The use of surfactants for deinking rather than organic solvents is environmentally attractive. In this paper, removal of white-opaque solvent based ink printed on linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) and polypropylene (PP) plastic films with gravure printing processes has been studied as a function of surfactant type: cationic, anionic, nonionic and Zwitterionic, surfactant concentration, pH of surfactant solution, agitation time, and presoaking. Determination of the solvent based ink removal was conducted using percentage of area removal. The deinked plastic films were determined properties which were tensile strength, re-printing with solvent based gravure ink, and recycled plastic with compression molding. From FTIR spectrum, the solvent based ink was chemically composed of aliphatic secondary amide. It was easier to remove the solvent based ink on LLDPE than PP plastic film, and non-ionic surfactant had the most effective for deinking. Acidity and basicity of the aqueous surfactant solution enhanced ink removal, most preferably was pH 14. Basicity of pH 14 had the most effective to anionic surfactant. Ink removal increased with increasing of presoaking time and agitation time. Surface energy of both LLDPE and PP deinked plastic film did not change, so the ink adhesion and ink-rub resistance of the re-printed deinked plastic film showed the excellent level (level 5 according to ASTM standard). Tensile strength and %elongation of the plastic film decreased after deinking. Recycled plastic from the deinked plastic film had values of tensile strength and %elongation higher than the values of recycled plastic from clear (unprinted) plastic film from the same sample.
P7	Mechanism of Reduced COF of Flexible Polypropylene Film by Nano-Modification Technology W. Xu, Y. Fu, D. Li, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing, China J. Wang, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China Abstract: The consumption of polypropylene flexible packaging in the field of food packaging increased year b... more Abstract: minimize The consumption of polypropylene flexible packaging in the field of food packaging increased year by year. But the PP film is not suitable for requirements of automatic packaging line because the friction coefficient of polypropylene film is between 0.5~0.6 generally. To allow products to be packaged by automated machinery, the physical properties of the packaging materials must be carefully controlled in order to increase the output of the line and to improve packaging line operations. For example, the high coefficient of friction (COF) of polypropylene (PP) film can cause them to jam in automated packaging equipment. Slip agents modify the surface properties of the material to which they are added so they are used to control PP's COF. Now add the slippery agent has been used way to reduce the friction coefficient of PP film. The slip agents used to reduce friction effects of polypropylene film, but its migration brought the issue of food safety, to reduce of the corona effect and the peel strength of dry lamination film. Use of nano-modification technology to reduce the COF of film, and the effects of nano-silica on the PP’s spherulite sizes and the film surface morphology have discussed in this paper first time.
P8	The Changing of Physical Properties of Corrugated Board that Produced from Coated Corrugated Medium N. Luangsa-Ard, R. Narktabtim, S. Taechutrakul, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand P. Maneesin, Thai Packaging Centre, Bangkok, Thailand Abstract: The objectives of this research were to study the types of coating material and their effects on ph... more Abstract: minimize The objectives of this research were to study the types of coating material and their effects on physical properties of corrugated board that produced from such coated corrugated medium and to compare the physical properties between the corrugated board with coated corrugated medium and without coated corrugated medium. Coating material which used in the research were acrylic resin, polypropylene, chitosan and polyvinyl acetate. They were prepared in water with different ratio of coating materials and water. After that each coating materials was applied on corrugated medium and each of coated corrugated medium was used to produce corrugated board. Then all coated and uncoated corrugated boards were tested for their bursting strength, flat crush resistance, and edge crush resistance, respectively. The results showed that all types of coating materials which were coated on corrugated medium could increase bursting strength of corrugated board. The corrugated medium that was coated by polyethylene, acrylic resin with ratio of resin to water 6:4 and pure acrylic resin could increase flat crush resistance of corrugated board. Likewise, each of the corrugated medium that coated by polyethylene, polyvinyl acetate and acrylic resin with ratio of resin to water 8:2 could increase the edge crush resistance of such corrugated boards.
P9	Stability of Biofortified Sweet Potato Flour R.M. Vercelino Alves, D. Ito, CETEA - ITAL, Campinas, Brazil W. Fernandes de Melo, EMBRAPA, Gama - Brasília, Brazil R.L. de Oliveira Godoy, J.L. Viana de Carvalho, EMBRAPA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Abstract: Sweet potatoes are one of the most commonly grown vegetables in the North-eastern region of Brazil ... more Abstract: minimize Sweet potatoes are one of the most commonly grown vegetables in the North-eastern region of Brazil where the climate, with long periods of drought, restricts production of other kinds of crops. It is an easy, unsophisticated culture adapted to systems of low technological level of small family properties and to vegetable gardens in schools and communities. It also allows prolonged harvesting. Sweet potato flour can replace wheat flour to make cakes, cookies and other products used as school food, as mother-child support, thus contributing to reduce malnutrition in poor countries. The purpose of this study was to survey information on the effect of the type of package and packaging system of the product to preserve carotenoids in biofortified sweet potato flour. The flour was packed with and without vacuum in packs with different barriers to oxygen, water vapour and light (PET/Al/LDPE, PETmet/LDPE, LDPE/PA/LDPE and LDPE) and stored at 25oC/75%RH with and without exposure to light. It was observed quick consumption of the residual oxygen of the headspace in vacuum packages, particularly in those with low oxygen transmission rate by the material (PET/Al/LDPE, PETmet/LDPE). In packages without vacuum, the internal atmosphere presented the atmosphere air composition throughout the study, due to the high oxygen transmission rate of the LDPE, and was gradually reduced inside of the PETmet/LDPE pack because part of the oxygen consumed in oxidation reactions no were replaced by oxygen permeation by packaging material. Losses of 50% total carotenoids and ß-carotene occurred in the flour of the LDPE and PETmet/LDPE without vacuum after 50-day storage and in LDPE/PA/LDPE with vacuum after 90 days with or without exposure to light. This indicates that the carotenoid oxidation reaction under light is restricted only to flour in contact with the surface of the package. Under vacuum and in PETmet/LDPE, contents of carotenoids in flour were slightly reduced and were preserved in PET/Al/LDPE up to 280 days of storage. The results indicate that the key factors to preserve carotenoids in biofortified sweet potato flour are: to reduce the oxygen level in the headspace of the package via application of vacuum and the use of packaging materials with oxygen barrier in the order of greatness achieved with PET with metallization barrier.
P10	Comparative Evaluation of Moisture Barrier of Intravenous Containers R.M. Vercelino Alves, A. Brionisio Lemos Armbrust, D. Ito, A.C. Martinazzo Goza, S.B. Mendoza Jaime, CETEA - ITAL, Campinas, Brazil Abstract: Packaging for intravenous solutions are medical stuffs that must comply multiple standards and Regu... more Abstract: minimize Packaging for intravenous solutions are medical stuffs that must comply multiple standards and Regulations. In order to reduce hospital-acquired infections, since 2009 the Brazilian government has required closed-system to intravenous solutions rather than open. Nowadays, new closed-system bags and bottles have been used but no comparison of intravenous containers types and different materials properties has been published in the literature. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare the performance of different bags and bottles containers as a moisture barrier that avoid loss of mass of the intravenous solutions (0.9% sodium chloride – normal saline solution) during packaging storage at 40ºC/25%RH. It is the accelerated conditions of stability tests in Brazil that is classified like VI zone for ICH – International Conference on Harmonization. The results indicated that the weight loss of plastic bags was higher as compared to the bottles plastics depending on the material type and thickness and the over pouch used (PVC, HDPE, LDPE or PP). Most of the 100ml intravenous solutions bags evaluated did not reach the requirement of weight loss less than 5% during 6 months of storage at 40ºC/25% RH. However, for bags with 1000ml of container size, only one type of PVC bag / HDPE over pouch had loss of 5.4% during the stability test, while in the others bags the loss was less than 3.2%. All the bottles packing (100mL and 1000 ml of intravenous solutions) showed similar weight loss less than 3.5%, regardless of the type of material used in the manufacture of the bottle (HDPE or PP). In addition, all closed-system was hermetic and did not influence the packaging performance. The results indicated that the use of flexible bags for intravenous solutions of smaller capacity still requires improvement of the moisture barrier characteristics.
P11	Research on VCI Papers and their Use for the Furniture Transport E. Martínez-Martín, F. Mesado, AIDIMA, Paterna-Valencia, Spain Abstract: The poster will show the results of the Project Research On VCI Papers And Their Use For The Furnit... more Abstract: minimize The poster will show the results of the Project Research On VCI Papers And Their Use For The Furniture Transport carried out between 2008 and 2009 that had the following objectives: Determine the effectiveness of VCI papers under sudden variations of temperature and relative humidity conditions Determine the effectiveness of VCI papers on extreme corrosive atmospheres Evaluate the necessity of VCI papers according to the transport atmosphere conditions and duration and furniture characterisitics
P12	Research on Compatibility Properties between Paints, Vanishes and Solvents for Furniture and their Plastic Packaging R. Moreno Castelló, AIDIMA, Paterna-Valencia, Spain Abstract: The project is at present being developed by AIDIMA and AIMPLAS with the support of the IMPIVA (In... more Abstract: minimize The project is at present being developed by AIDIMA and AIMPLAS with the support of the IMPIVA (Institute for Small and Medium Industry of the Generalitat Valenciana) through the European Social Fund and the European Regional Development Fund articulated in the Comunidad Valenciana Operational Program. The poster will show the activities of the project and the relevance for industry and the influence in safety in the packaging homologation as well as safety in the transport of dangerous goods.
P13	Peel System Low-Density Polyethylene/Isotactic Polybutene-1: Ultrasonic Sealing versus Heat Conductive Sealing S. Bach, TU Dresden, Germany M. Nase, ORBITA-FILM, Weißandt-Gölzau, Germany W. Grellmann, Polymer Service, Merseburg, Germany J.-P. Majschak, TU Dresden, Germany Abstract: Peel systems are used in packaging, for example in food and non food packages to enhance the conven... more Abstract: minimize Peel systems are used in packaging, for example in food and non food packages to enhance the convenience of packages. Furthermore peel systems are a growing market in the field of packaging of medical equipment. The key point of such a peel system is the possibility for easy opening without the use of additionally tools such as scissors. Beside also common peel systems as adhesion or the so called burst peel the cohesive peel system are used in industrial practice, preferable for deep drawn or thermoformed packages or peelable pouches. A widely-used cohesive peel system is consists of a blend of low-density polyethylene and isotactic polybutene-1 (PE-LD/iPB-1) which is coextruded on the outer sealing layer in multilayer films. Normally, a sealing area (sealed seam) is realized by application of heat, pressure and time using a so-called heat conductive device. Another sealing method is the ultrasonic sealing which is divulging more and more in the market. Typical applications are closure processes of packages in fast moving packaging machines where high demands on the process speed and seam qualities apply. Up to now the ultrasonic sealing is not applied often to peel films/systems in case of bag manufacturing. The intention of the present study is to investigate the peel behaviour of ultrasonic sealed and heat conductive sealed peel systems as a function of the sealing parameters and of the recipe of the films. Therefore, peel films with different content of iPB-1 were produced. Furthermore the thickness of the peel layer was varied. Additionally the sealing parameters of (1) heat conductive sealing (temperature) and (2) ultrasonic sealing (sealing force) were varied in a test series. The T-peel test was performed according to ASTM D 1876 to characterize the peel behaviour of the films. As a result of the tests, the peel force was strongly affected by the recipe of the peel film. For example, the peel force decreases with increasing iPB-1 content by an exponential law. Furthermore, the peel force increases with increasing thickness of the peel layer. The two correlations mentioned are independent of the type of the sealing process. Among the recipe of the films, the peel behaviour was influenced by the sealing parameters. From point of internal structural processes of the films during sealing, the sealing temperature as well as the sealing time have an identical impact on the peel behaviour. The peel force rises up with increasing sealing temperature o
P14	Adhesion Strength of Aluminum on Metallized Plastic Films Used in Flexible Packages – Test Procedure Development and Validation L.M. Oliveira, C. Sarantopoulos, F. Teixeira, CETEA - ITAL, Campinas, Brazil P. Suguiuti, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil Abstract: OPP and OPET metallized films are widely used as substrates in multilayer packages, since they brin... more Abstract: minimize OPP and OPET metallized films are widely used as substrates in multilayer packages, since they bring together good mechanical properties and barrier to gases and water vapor, which, as well as appearance and package integrity are damaged with delamination of the film layers. One of the main factors that affect the package delamination is the adhesion strength of aluminum layer to the polymeric substrate, a parameter for which there is no standard procedure to quantify. The aim of this work was to establish and validate a procedure to determine the adhesion strength of the aluminum to the polymer. This test procedure was carried out using experimental design with fixed and variables parameters with two levels for each variable. It was verified that the test procedure was stable, robust and replicable. It consisted basically of the heat sealing of a plastic film to the metallized surface of the sample, in specific temperature/time/pressure conditions and the measuring of adhesion strength of metallization in a universal test machine running at specific angle and speed.
P15	Active Packaging with Natural Antioxidising for the Extension of the Fresh Food Shelf Live M. Herrero Gómez, Tecnologías Avanzadas Inspiralia, Madrid, Spain E. Corcuera , E. San Martin, Centro Tecnologico de la Industria Cárnica de la Rioja, Alesón, Spain A. Holzer, Fraunhofer ICT, Pfinztal, Germany K. Müller, S. Sängerlaub, Fraunhofer IVV, Freising, Germany G. Saint-Pierre, Tecnologías Avanzadas Inspiralia, Madrid, Spain Abstract: INTRODUCTION The processes by which food quality can be lost involve interaction with substances t... more Abstract: minimize INTRODUCTION The processes by which food quality can be lost involve interaction with substances taken up from their environment. Between these processes, oxidation is one of the most important degradation reactions in foodstuffs, which seriously limits food preservation. The application of new, improved packaging materials can protect foods from oxidation. Freshfilm project aims at developing a transparent, recyclable, flexible multilayer active packaging system with oxygen scavenging behaviour for increasing shelf life of fresh foods such as meat products. MATERIALS AND METHODS Natural extracts from plants are integrated in a multilayer plastic system as oxygen scavengers. To reduce the oxygen permeation an outer modified Polypropylene layer with a high oxygen barrier (0,14±0,04cm3O2/m2.d.bar) was developed. Additionally a modified poly(ethylene) sealing layer was developed to increase permeation of oxygen present in headspace of the package to oxygen scavenging substance. Different strategies have been employed: nanofillers, foaming, microperforation. Lamination and wet coating are used to integrate polymeric substrates. Scavenging activity of natural extracts was tested by measuring oxygen reduction in vials and measuring cells employing methods based on gas-microchromatography and luminescence quenching. Afterwards, selected extracts were integrated in multilayer system and oxygen absorption was measured. RESULTS The natural extracts showed suitable oxygen scavenging properties. Their incorporation in a multilayer film proved successful. The film absorbed oxygen. As expected, it was found that the incorporation in the film structure reduced the activity of the active substances. The oxygen scavenging activity of the film depended on the natural extract used. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION In the present work, is presented an antioxidant, transparent, flexible multilayer. This approach seems adequate for increasing shelf life of fresh foods Acknowledgments FRESHFILM, Project full title: “New active recyclable packaging with natural antioxidising for the extension of the fresh food shelf life”. Grant agreement no.: FP7-SME-2008-1-232217_FRESHFILM
P16	Effect of Modified Atmosphere Packaging on the Shelf Life of Fresh Ready-to-Serve Pizza P. Singh, S. Sängerlaub, Fraunhofer IVV, Freising, Germany A.A. Wani, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Srinagar, India G. Goyal, National Dairy Research Inst., Karnal, India Abstract: This study evaluated the combined effect of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) and refrigeration (... more Abstract: minimize This study evaluated the combined effect of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) and refrigeration (7±1ºC) on shelf-life extension of ready-to-serve pizza. Quality assessment was based on sensory and biochemical indices determination. The gaseous atmospheres used were: atm1: air (control); atm2: 100% CO2, atm3: 100% N2 and atm4: 50%CO2/50%N2. Moisture content, water activity, pH, titratable acidity, free fatty acids, peroxide value, thiobarbituric acid, tyrosine content, lycopene content, colour profile (L= lightness of the product; a= redness of the product; b*= yellowness of the product; total colour difference; relative yellowness) were monitored. Sampling was carried out at predetermined time intervals namely 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days. The results indicated that MAP with 100% CO2 more significantly inhibited the lipolytic oxidation, reduced proteolysis, effectively prevented total acidity (less decrease in pH) and have preservative effect on colour indices and hence extended shelf life than did other treatments. Results of the present work show that the limit of sensory acceptability was only reached for the aerobically stored samples somewhat before days 15 of storage. The shelf life of baked pizza samples in conventional air packages was 15 days. However, a significant shelf life increase of 45 days (300% increase) was achieved under modified atmospheres for baked pizza samples.
P17	Supportive Drug Packaging for the Elderly and Patients with Swallowing Difficulties K. Sadamoto, Toho University, Funabashi, Japan K. Kubota, Daiichi-Sankyo, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, Japan S. Morimoto, Morimoto-pharma, Suita, Osaka, Japan M. Mizoguchi, T. Yamanouchi, Toho University, Funabashi, Japan Abstract: Although, there is a difference in drug packaging in every country, the concept of the risk managem... more Abstract: minimize Although, there is a difference in drug packaging in every country, the concept of the risk management for drug taking could be universal all over the world. And drug packaging which supports keeping good compliance is one of the priority objectives. With regard to the social background of drug users in Japan, since the life expectancy is the longest in the world, the number of elderly who live alone or as couples is increasing. Already, the rate of over 65’s is more than 22% of the total Japanese population and 86.2% of over 65’s are users of prescription drugs Among them, at least 20 to 50 % of elderly had some difficulties of taking drug properly, and difficulties of swallowing are the serious problem for the drug therapy. The drugs with jelly which are easily swallowing among elderly has been reported, however, there has been no repot of drug packaging which was combined with jelly. Since elderly people tend to have chronic disease, and easily get another acute disease such as infection, they need to take medicine properly, and without good compliance, it is always difficult to cure not only acute disease but also chronic diseases. We have done the preliminary study of new supporting type packaging with 32 elderly people who are over 65 years. The new supporting drug packaging with jelly which we made enable more than 70% of over 65years people to take tablet easily. Particularly, it is useful to take big size tablet or capsules. In addition, more than 80% of elderly prefer to use the supportive packaging when they take big tablet and capsules.
P18	A Simulation Model for Evaluating the Profitability of a Returnable Container System in International Logistics J. Kim, D. Closs, D. Twede, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA Abstract: The automotive supply chain is increasingly complex as automakers seek more profitable solutions ... more Abstract: minimize The automotive supply chain is increasingly complex as automakers seek more profitable solutions with global out-sourcing and manufacturing strategies. In the automotive industry, using returnable plastic containers (RPCs) is very common for domestic operations, but for internationally, it has not been considered by many companies because of issues such as overall distance and difficulty of control. However, because of continuous increases in awareness of environmentally-friendly supply chain practices and improvement in the efficiency of global logistics systems, RPCs are increasingly being considered by original equipment manufacturers and their global logistics providers. A simulation model can be used to determine financial viability of international RPC operations and can identify possible bottlenecks in the design of supply chains that must be controlled to guarantee satisfactory supply chain performance. This research develops a simulation model and applies it to a case study for an automotive part company. Employee interviews, current supply chain flows and cost data provided by the company are used to construct the simulation model. Variables considered include costs of shipping containers, distance and transport time required for 1-year operation. ARENA software is used for the simulation model to calculate the number of RPCs and costs for three international supply chain routes of the company. The results of this simulation can help to analyze the interactive and coherent behavior of packaging and supply chain systems. The data obtained from the model can be applied to make substantial decisions for choosing the most profitable packaging types, at the same time as it can lead to designing an optimum supply chain for RPCs used in international supply chains.
P19	Transport Coefficients of Key Aroma Compounds in Tropical Herbs through Various Polymeric Films V. Chonhenchob, P. Leelaphiwat, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand S.P. Singh, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA U. Wichai, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand J. Kruenate, National Metal and Materials Technology Center, Pathum Thani, Thailand Abstract: This study presents the determination of the transport properties of key aroma compounds in fresh t... more Abstract: minimize This study presents the determination of the transport properties of key aroma compounds in fresh tropical herbs through different polymeric packaging materials. Two primary aroma compounds found in tropical herbs are eucalyptol and citral. Eucalyptol is oxygenated products, used in medicinal, perfumery, and flavor preparations. Eucalyptol is the key active component which found in ginger, basil, sweet basil, and cinnamon, while citral is the major compounds of fresh lemongrass, lemon, and orange. Packaging films used in this study were polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), nylon, laminated aluminum foil, and poly(lactide) (PLA). Strip of the test films were immersed in the pure aroma compounds and stored in the amber vials at various temperatures and relative humidity conditions. The aroma compounds from the extracted films were determined using GC-MS. Diffusion, solubility, partition, and permeability coefficients were determined. Results show that the permeability coefficients of eucalyptol and citral were lowest in PLA, while highest in nylon. Critical factors were shown to be storage conditions and characteristics of the aroma and polymeric films (polarity, hydrophobicity, size, and film crystallinity). Understanding the interaction phenomenon between the key aroma compounds and major packaging films could be used for better film selection and design for food packaging applications. The information could also be used for future development of the high aroma barrier materials.
P20	Specific Migration of Antioxidant from Packaging Material: Mathematic Modeling for Brazilian Conditions M. Padula, L. Coltro, L. Duarte, M. Perez, CETEA - ITAL, Campinas, Brazil Abstract: Legislation for food contact materials has been developed to ensure no migration components from pa... more Abstract: minimize Legislation for food contact materials has been developed to ensure no migration components from packaging materials to food in an amount endangering human health. Mercosur/Brazilian legislation on plastic materials is based on the positive list principle and on limits for overall (OML) and specific migration (SML). Therefore, the demonstration of compliance with the legislation is necessary to carry out migration tests using food simulants that, in many situations, are expensive and time consuming. The application of mathematic modeling is a very useful tool to estimate the migration and can be used to demonstrate compliance with the legislation. Despite its use is not adopted by Mercosur legislation it can be considered in the next update. The aim of this study is to validate the application of mathematic modeling to estimate the specific migration of monomers and additives from packaging materials for the Brazilian conditions. The commercial modeling Migratest Lite and Migratest-EXP from Fabes Forschung GmbH were selected to be applied in this study. A comparison between the theoretical and practical determination of the migration of the antioxidant octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate (CAS 2082-79-3), to alcoholic simulants will be presented; considering the application of this additive in Brazilian polypropylene packaging materials. The analytical method to determine the specific migration of the antioxidant was validated and it was conducted using a high performance liquid chromatograph with a diode array detector.
P21	Detection of Resins Mixture in PET Bottles as an Indicator of Recycled Material Use M. Padula, E. Garcia, M. Perez, CETEA - ITAL, Campinas, Brazil Abstract: The recyclability of PET bottles has contributed to the unprecedented commercial success of PET as ... more Abstract: minimize The recyclability of PET bottles has contributed to the unprecedented commercial success of PET as a preferred packaging resin. In Brazil, PET bottle recycling is an increasing market and according to Brazilian PET Industries Association (ABIPET), in 2009, more than 54% of the PET bottles were recycled, most for carpet, textile, sheets/trays and paint applications. As the largest market of PET is non alcoholic carbonated beverage, the use of post-consumer PET for food application is a target for the recycling industries. Nevertheless, food contact requirements should be demonstrated, i.e., the recycled material should have suitable purity for the intended use and meet all existing specification for the virgin material. Recently, Mercosur/Brazil approved a Resolution that establishes the general requirements and evaluation criteria, approval/authorization and registration procedures for PET packages made with different degrees of virgin PET and super-clean post-consumer recycled PET (PCR-PET) intended for food contact. Accordingly, special checking control procedures should be established in order to avoid the use of non regulated PCR-PET. The most difficult situation is to identify the use of PET-PCR in filled bottles. A suitable methodology was developed based on the evaluation of the co-monomers present in the bottle material. The presence of both co-monomers, dimethyl isophthalate (DMI) and cyclohexanedimethanol(CHDM) is an indicator of mixture of PET resins obtained from different polymerization technologies and probably they are mixed during the recycling process. The method procedure involves the depolymerization of the sample and the analysis of the resultant solution by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector. The method was validated and the parameters will be presented.
P22	Energy Absorption Properties of Paper Honeycombs under Low and Intermediate Strain Rates Z.-W. Wang, Y.-P. E, Jinan University, Zhuhai, China Abstract: The effect of strain rate on the mechanical behaviour and energy absorption of paper honeycombs is ... more Abstract: minimize The effect of strain rate on the mechanical behaviour and energy absorption of paper honeycombs is investigated by experiments on an environmental condition designed to simulate the actual logistics environment in most of South China. The strain rate varies from 3.3×10-4 to 1.1×102 s-1. The experimental results show that the load carrying capacity and energy absorption performance of paper honeycomb are insensitive to cross-head loading speed in low strain rate range (10-4-10-2 s-1). However, the initial peak stress, plateau stress and densification strain of paper honeycombs under intermediate strain rate impact (10-2-102 s-1) increase with impact velocity, and obviously higher than that under static compression, thus demonstrating a certain degree of strain rate sensitivity. The restoring force due to gas compression in a confined space of hexagonal cavity contributes to the increasing in dynamic plateau stress, and a model is developed for prediction of dynamic plateau stress by taking this restoring force into consideration. A good agreement between the observation and prediction is achieved, indicating that the model constructed here can be used to evaluate the dynamic plateau stress for paper honeycomb.
P23	Revalorization of Marine Biomass through the Development of an Active Alginate-based Packaging M. Laakel, E. Neesham-Grenon, ITEGA, Montréal, Canada A. Maltais, J. Rochefort, NBI, St. Laurent, Canada Abstract: The development of the Quebec marine biomass through biotechnology represents a strong potential an... more Abstract: minimize The development of the Quebec marine biomass through biotechnology represents a strong potential and deserves particular attention. The region of the Ungava Bay is a good example of a Quebec territory which would gain from the exploitation of its resources. As a raw material, the brown algae present an interesting potential of technology transfer. Among polysaccharides extracted from these seaweeds, alginate constitutes a widely desired and exploited bio-polymer in the food and cosmetic industries as an ingredient for gels and thickening compounds. Nowadays, these seaweeds find new applications in the field of bio-packaging. Nunavik Biosciences Inc. (NBI) has the mandate to increase the value of this abundant natural resource in the Inuit territory to allow the local population to benefit from positive socio-economic effects. The objective of this project is to develop a production process of alginate from the fucus of the Ungava Bay. This polymer will then be transformed to obtain a biodegradable biomaterial to which will be added an antibacterial bioactive molecule. This process will result in the creation of a film with a potential of eco-responsible and active packaging which integrates exactly into Nunavik Biosciences Inc.'s mission and meets the tendencies in innovative packaging. We worked on the Dry Algal Powder (DAP) of the seaweed obtained from our partner NBI. The DAP arises from Fucus vesiculosus, Fucus distichus or a mixture of both. Six different methods of extracting alginic acid were realized and the best operating conditions were then selected. The quality of the alginic acid obtained was compared with that of the commercial product by the formation, in presence of CaCl2, of beads and bio-films of alginate very comparable to those of the commercial alginate. An antibacterial agent, lysozyme, was incorporated and immobilized into the bio-films. Antibiograms realized with these films demonstrated an interesting inhibition effect against Bacillus subtilis as a function of the enzyme concentration. The work to characterize and better control the bio-films and their antibacterial effect is ongoing. Preliminary tests of coating certain fruit with the extracted biomaterial gave interesting results concerning their shelf-life.
P24	Evaluation of Metals Present in Pigmented Plastic Packages for Foods S.T. Dantas, P.H. Kiyataka, M. Padula, E.S. Saron, CETEA - ITAL, Campinas, Brazil Abstract: Food safety and the environment protection are important subjects related to industrialized product... more Abstract: minimize Food safety and the environment protection are important subjects related to industrialized products. Metals as lead, cadmium, arsenic and mercury added to plastic packages through pigments may migrate to the food and contaminate the environment in case the packaging is not recycled or incinerated. Regulations for food contact establish limits of metals specific migration from package to simulants, but there is no correlation of the real metal migration with the total metal concentration in the package. On the other hand, the Coalition of Northeastern Governors (CONEG) in USA and Directive 94/62/EC (EU) establish that the total amount of Cd, Pb, Hg and Cr+6 in packages cannot be superior to 100mg/Kg. This study aimed to develop a method to quantify main toxic metals present in food polymeric packages in order to determine the limit to be adopted to the package itself; to establish the correlation between the specific migration of metals to food and the total metal concentration in the pack and to evaluate the potential of environment contamination with metals by colored food polymeric packages. Ten different ice cream polypropylene packages were evaluated concerning the specific metal migration and the metals quantification in the material after the test method validation. The results obtained showed that all the ten evaluated samples presented values below the quantification limits (LOQ) of As, Cd, Pb, Sb and Hg, correspondent to 0.14mg/kg, 0.22mg/kg, 1.51mg/kg, 1.08mg/kg and 0.04mg/kg, respectively, and only one evaluated sample presented values higher than the LOQ of Cd, Pb and Sb, correspondent to 0.45mg/kg, 1.64mg/kg and 1.28mg/kg. The Zn concentration in the material varied from 8mg/kg to 186mg/kg in nine samples and in one sample the value was below the LOQ of 1.08mg/kg. Similar results were verified for the specific migration of metals in 3% acetic acid solution, that is, values were below the quantification limits of As, Cd, Pb, Sb and Hg, correspondent to 8.4µg/kg, 4.9µg/kg, 26.2µg/kg, 26.4µg/kg and 2.1µg/kg, respectively, and Zn migration varied from ≤9.7µg/kg (LOQ) to 42.5µg/kg. Based on market data of ice cream consumption in Brazil, on the recycling rate of the polypropylene packages and on the maximum value of Zn, Pb, Sb and Cd quantified in the PP packages, the estimate mass of these elements from the PP ice cream packages that are disposed in one year is of 1268kg, 11kg, 9kg and 3kg, respectively.
P25	Application of Constructed Probability Spectra to Vibration Tests for Product Damage Evaluation D. Goodwin, C. Ge, C. Li, Rochester Insititute of Technology, Rochester, USA Abstract: The standard method of transport simulation for the last twenty years has been based on Power Spect... more Abstract: minimize The standard method of transport simulation for the last twenty years has been based on Power Spectral Density (PSD)profiles generated from measured vehicle environments. ASTM D-4169 Truck Level II, defines perhaps the most common of the PSD profiles used in this type of performance testing procedure. It is known that the data averaging technique used to create the PSD profile from raw transport data can alter the actual character of the field inputs. By assuming the amplitudes of the vibration inputs are truly random, the resulting test profiles fail to accurately reproduce the amplitudes generated by transient shocks. Changes in velocity, as vehicles speed up or slow down, are also lost in this averaging process. Constructed probability spectra provide a means to evaluate the intensity of the PSD test levels by identifying the number of events that occur at the varied amplitudes accross the frequency spectra. For example, it is possible to vary the level of the PSD intensity as a percentage of the peak levels seen in the field. This addresses the issue of PSD amplification, often employed in the use of vehicle profiles. By measuring the amount of observed product damage in the field as compared to levels generated by different test protocols in the laboratory, it is possible to refine the accuracy of vibration performance tests. This study compares the level of specimen damage correlation between a standard PSD profile and the varied levels of intensity for random input, based on probability. Adjustments to the standard transport simulation protocol can improve the effectiveness of the vibration test component for package evaluation.
P26	Clove-Oil Incorporated Antimicrobial Paperboard T. Jinkarn, P. Suppakul, S. Vanit, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand Abstract: Papers and paperboards are widely used packaging materials. As a basis property, papers can effecti... more Abstract: minimize Papers and paperboards are widely used packaging materials. As a basis property, papers can effectively absorb various substances in solution forms into their structure. Therefore, this study aimed to develop antimicrobial papers by coating with clove oil-incorporated hydrophobic starch. Three types of antimicrobial papers were developed including duplex board, kraft liner and pure eucalyptus handsheet. The paper samples were coated with clove oil in hydrophobic starch solution, then, antimicrobial inhibitory effects were observed via headspace diffusion and a total plate count method. For the results, clove oil in hydrophobic starch solution (5% w/w) can only inhibited the growth of E. coli with an MIC of 2.5 %. Furthermore, antimicrobial papers coated with 15% (w/w) clove oil in 8% (w/w) hydrophobic starch solution was the most effective against the growth of all bacteria under this study. Basis weight and thickness of coated papers were significantly increased (p≤0.05) with slightly color change to a yellow tone. Although the coating had no effect on mechanical properties of duplex board and kraft liner, compression and bursting strength of coated handsheet was significantly increased (p≤0.05) compared with uncoated samples. In additions, for handsheet, higher amount of hydrophobic starch in the coating solution resulted in better ring crush resistance.
P27	Development of a Novel Colorimetric Indicator for Monitoring Freshness of Oxygen-Sensitive Dairy Products R. Kulchan, W. Boonsupthip, T. Jinkarn, A. Nopwinyuwong, P. Suppakul, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand Abstract: A colorimetric mixed pH dye-based indicator with potential for the development of intelligent packa... more Abstract: minimize A colorimetric mixed pH dye-based indicator with potential for the development of intelligent packaging to monitoring rancidity in food for real-time presented to warn consumer, is described. Bromothymol blue and methyl red were pH-sensitive dyes that were mixed to prepare indicator in this study. The mixed pH dye-based indicator was applied in milk powder formula pouches to monitor rancidity in accelerated condition at 40 ºC with 14 watt day light fluorescent tube. The mixed pH dye-based indicator responded through visible color change from green to orange-red, in terms of total color difference of a mixed pH dye-based indicator, correlated as well with hexanal levels, peroxide value, rancidity odor and acceptance of consumer of rancid milk powder formula. This phenomena due to bromothymol blue and methyl red, that respond visible color change to hexanal as a oxidation of fat in milk powder formula. Hexanal is one of aldehydes, which is a major breakdown product of hydroperoxide and is used to monitor oxidative change in milk formulas. Hexanal has more acidic nature due to it has an alpha hydrogen (alpha hydrogen is the hydrogen attached to the carbon adjacent to the carbonyl group). So the reaction of a mixed pH dye-based indicator changed to an orange-red color would be the acidic nature of hexanal.
P28	Three-Dimensional Shock Spectra of Cubic Nonlinear Packaging System with Critical Component Y. Zhu, Jinan University, Zhuhai, China J. Wang, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China Z.-W. Wang, Jinan University, Zhuhai, China Abstract: The shock characteristics of a cubic nonlinear packaging system with critical component were invest... more Abstract: minimize The shock characteristics of a cubic nonlinear packaging system with critical component were investigated under the action of rectangular acceleration pulse.The dynamical model of the system was developed,and the numerical results of the dynamical equations were got.Based on the results,the three-dimensional shock response spectra of critical component was obtained.And the effect of the pulse duration,the frequency ratio,the dmaping ratio,the pulse peak acceleration in addition to the defined system parameter on the maximum shock response acceleration of critical component was discussed. It’s shown that all of their effects are noticeable. The results lead to some insights into the design of cushioning packaging.
P29	Corrugated Board between Printing and Quality G.A. Sallam, Helwan University, Orman, Giza, Egypt Abstract: This study presents the first research cooperation on corrugated board between Egypt and Germany on... more Abstract: minimize This study presents the first research cooperation on corrugated board between Egypt and Germany on corrugated board between Egypt and Germany concerning corrugated board printing systems, technologies and also some experimental works concerning quality of corrugated board for Transport and consumer packaging. To obtain the aim of this research, the researcher followed the survival and experimental curriculum during many topics such as: - Corrugated board printing systems and methods - Some experimental work of corrugated board quality In the end of this research the researcher carried out experimental work concerning Bursting strength (dry and wet) of double wall corrugated board. Puncture resistance of double wall corrugated board. Flat crush resistance of single wall corrugated board. Edgewise crush resistance of double wall corrugated board. (ECT). Stiffness of single wall corrugated board. Compression resistance of corrugated board containers. Free fall test of corrugated board package.
P30	Statistical Characterisation of Acceleration Levels of Random Vibrations during Transport S. Otari, D. Erre, J.-B. Nolot, S. Odof, P. Vasseur, ESIEC, Reims, France N. Krajka, J. Pellot, METROPACK, Reims, France Abstract: Random vibration tests are an efficient way to simulate the mechanical vibratory effects caused by ... more Abstract: minimize Random vibration tests are an efficient way to simulate the mechanical vibratory effects caused by transportation. The usual method is only concerned with the frequency distribution pattern of the signal using the average power spectral density (PSD). This work offers an additional method based on detailed analysis of instantaneous acceleration levels of transport on a real road, which enables modelling of the statistical distribution of these levels. Continuous recording of acceleration signal all along the journey permits confirmation that this statistical distribution is not a Gaussian distribution but a modified Gaussian distribution, for which parameters are estimated and discussed. Therefore, it is possible to evaluate the transport severity by working out the appearance probability of acceleration levels greater than a fixed threshold and also the statistical moments, i.e. second order moment which gives the root mean square value (RMS) together with fourth order moment (kurtosis) which evaluates the difference between the experimental distribution and the Gaussian distribution.
P31	Development of Thermoplastic Starch (TPS) Film for Packaging Applications V. Chonhenchob, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand S.P. Singh, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA C. Aumnate, S. Kongnium, J. Kruenate, National Metal and Materials Technology Center, Pathum Thani, Thailand Abstract: Biodegradable Thermoplastic Starch (TPS), to be used for packaging applications, has recently been ... more Abstract: minimize Biodegradable Thermoplastic Starch (TPS), to be used for packaging applications, has recently been received great deal of attention for addressing of environmental problems. Unfortunately, the utility of the of the TPS films for packaging applications is limited by poor rheological behavior and low flexibility. For this reason, the uses of plasticizers were studied for improving processability and fabricating efficiency. In this work, two plasticizers namely, glycerol and 1,4 butane diol, based on their similar molecular sizes but different in number of –OH groups were selected for investigating the effect of plasticizers on the rheological property and glass transition behavior of the TPS. For TPS matrix preparation, starch flour was primarily mixed with the plasticizers using co-rotated Twin Screw Extruder. Then, the plasticized TPS was directly fabricated as thin film using blown film technique. The results show that the glass transition temperatures of the TPS plasticized with 1,4 butane diol were higher than that of the TPS plasticized with glycerol. The results indicates that 1,4 butane diol tended to increase the intermolecular interaction with the TPS molecular chain, which overcomes the limitation of film processability. The use of 1,4 butane diol as the plasticizer exhibited better viscosity, higher deformability of the melt and strain-hardening behavior than that of glycerol. Noticeably, the elastic and viscous moduli of the TPS plasticized with 1,4 butane diol were significantly improved. The development of TPS plasticized with 1,4 butane diol has resulted in improved properties for a wide range of packaging applications.

25^th IAPRI Symposium on Packaging

40 years of IAPRI – 40 years at the leading edge of packaging research

May 16-18, 2011 Berlin